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The Indianola Academy is a K-12 private school in Indianola, Mississippi. Indianola Academy comprises an elementary school, a middle school, and a college preparatory high school. Indianola Academy is a 501-C3 nonprofit institution. It originated as a segregation academy. As of 2012 most white teenagers in Indianola attend Indianola Academy instead of the public high schools.〔Carr, Sarah. "(In Southern Towns, 'Segregation Academies' Are Still Going Strong )." ''The Atlantic''. December 13, 2012. Retrieved on March 29, 2013.〕 ==History== In the post ''Brown v. Board of Education'' era, white Americans in the Indianola area planned to establish a segregation academy.〔 See: p. (178 )〕 Planning for the school began in 1964 with funding from the White Citizens Council. Classes started in 1965 with four sections in grades 1 and 2, with a total of 70 students. For the 1966-1967 and the 1967-1968 school years, classes were held at the First Baptist Church. In the fall of 1967 the school had nine grades, with a total of 241 students. The school conducted the 1968-1969 school year in a new building. During that year it served grades 1-10 and had 280 students.〔"(Handbook 2010-2011 )." ((Archive )) Indianola Academy. 2/65. Retrieved on March 2, 2011.〕 In April 1969 the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled that the desegregation plan adopted by the Indianola Municipal Separate School District was constitutionally defective.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=United States of America v. Indianola Municipal Separate School District et al., 410 F.2d 626 )〕 Isabel Lee, then the sole African-American on the Indianola School District board, recalled that no white students showed up at Gentry High School on the following Monday.〔 Once the U.S. v. Indianola Municipal School District court case ruling occurred on a Friday, the White townspeople almost immediately prepared to send their children to Indianola Academy, with classes beginning on a Monday. The school was not directly operated by a White citizens' council. J. Todd Moye, author of ''Let the People Decide: Black Freedom and White Resistance Movements in Sunflower County, Mississippi, 1945-1986'', said that the school's "link to council ideology was direct." Moye said "Indianola Academy's relatively quick organization and construction could only have been the result of massive organization on the part of white segregationists."〔Moye, p. (179 ).〕 Most of the white students enrolled at the Indianola Academy for the 1970 Winter semester, which caused the Academy's enrollment to grow "exponentially overnight." Because the school did not yet have a single facility which could hold all of the White students, it opened satellite campuses to hold extra students. One was held at a Baptist church. Funerals held on weekdays sometimes interrupted the study halls at the church campus.〔 At the beginning of the 1969-1970 school year the school had about 600 students in grades 1-12. The school accepted about 900 students after the end of the first semester, giving the school a total of 1,500 students. In the 1970-1971 school year the elementary classes continued to be held at the area Baptist and Methodist churches, while the students in grades 7-12 moved to the Educational Plant at U.S. Highway 82 East.〔 In 1989 the Indianola Academy made national news with a plan to make drug testing mandatory for all students and employees of the school. Under the plan adopted by the school a positive result would mean a mandatory retest after 100 days. Further positive results would require notification of parents and exclusion of students from extracurricular activities. Students who refuse to take the test would be dismissed. Although the United States Supreme Court has ruled that mandatory testing of teachers and administrators in public schools is a violation of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, schools such as the Indianola Academy are exempt from scrutiny because they are privately run. At the time the plan was adopted it was most stringent school drug testing program in the United States.〔 Joyce McCray, executive director of the Council for American Private Education, said of the plan that she had "never heard of anything like it. It's an unusual and unique program. It's also a little bewildering and sad. That doesn't sound like education."〔 In 1990 the school system in Indianola was still essentially segregated, with most African-American students attending public schools and most white students attending the Indianola Academy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Indianola Academy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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